制订机械加工工艺规程的基本原则是优质、、低成本，即在零件质量要求的前提下，尽量提高劳动生产率和降低成本。

The basic principle of formulating machining process regulations is high quality, high efficiency and low cost, that is, to improve labor productivity and reduce costs as far as possible under the premise of guaranteeing the quality requirements of parts.

劳动生产率是指在单位时间内制造出合格产品的数量，或者是指用于制造单件合格产品所消耗的时间。

Labor productivity refers to the quantity of qualified products manufactured in a unit time, or the time spent in manufacturing individual qualified products.

经济性是指机械加工中用更少的费用制造出合格的产品。

Economy refers to the production of qualified products at the least cost in mechanical processing.

1.缩减基本时间

1. reduce basic time

提高劳动生产率的工艺途径

Technological Ways to Improve Labor Productivity

(1)提高切削用量。增大切削速度、进给量和背吃刀量，都可缩短基本时间，但切削用量的提高受到刀具耐用度和机床功率、工艺系统刚度等方面的制约。

(1) Increase the cutting parameters. Increasing the cutting speed, feed rate and back feed rate can shorten the basic time, but the improvement of cutting parameters is restricted by tool durability, machine power and stiffness of process system.

(2)减少或重合切削行程长度。

(2) Reduce or coincide the length of cutting stroke.

(3)采用多件加工。这种方法是通过减少刀具的切入、切出时间或者使基本时间重合，从而缩短每个零件加工的基本时间来提高生产率的。多件加工的方式有以下三种：顺序多件加工、平行多件加工及平行顺序多件加工，如图1-11所示。

(3) Multi-piece processing. This method improves productivity by reducing cutting time or coinciding basic time of cutting tool, thus shortening the basic time of processing each part. There are three ways of multi-part processing: sequential multi-part processing, parallel multi-part processing and parallel sequential multi-part processing, as shown in Figure 1-11.

2.减少辅助时间

2. reduce auxiliary time

(1)采用先进夹具缩短工件装卸时间。大批量生产时，广泛采用气动、液动夹具来缩短工件装卸的时间。单件小批量生产中，由于受专用夹具制造成本的限制，为缩短装卸工件的时间，可采用组合夹具及可调夹具。

(1) Using advanced fixture to shorten the loading and unloading time of workpiece. In mass production, high efficiency pneumatic and hydraulic fixtures are widely used to shorten the loading and unloading time of workpieces. In small batch production, due to the limitation of manufacturing cost of special fixture, modular fixture and adjustable fixture can be used to shorten the time of loading and unloading workpieces.

 

济南铆焊加工

 

(2)采用转位夹具、转位工作台、直线往复式工作台等。

(2) The use of transposition fixture, transposition table, linear reciprocating table, etc.

(3)采用连续加工，如图1-12所示。

(3) Continuous processing is adopted, as shown in Fig. 1-12.

(4)采用多种快速换刀、自动换刀装置。

(4) Various quick tool changing and automatic tool changing devices are adopted.

(5)采用主动检测或数字显示自动测量装置。

(5) The automatic measuring device with active detection or digital display is adopted.

提高劳动生产率的工艺途径

Technological Ways to Improve Labor Productivity

3.减少调整时间

3. reduce the adjustment time.

(1)使刀具和夹具调整通用化。

(1) Make tool and fixture adjustment universal.

(2)采用可换刀架或刀夹。

(2) Use changeable tool holder or clamp.

(3)采用刀具的微调和快调。

(3) Fine tuning and fast tuning with cutting tools.

(4)减少夹具的安装找正时间。

(4) Reduce fixture installation alignment time.

(5)采用调整时间极少的先进设备。

(5) Adopt advanced equipment with little adjustment time.

4.实施多台机床看管

4. Implementing multi-machine tool custody

5.采用新工艺、新技术